By Philip E. Tetlock
ISBN-10: 0691128715
ISBN-13: 9780691128719
The intelligence mess ups surrounding the invasion of Iraq dramatically illustrate the need of constructing criteria for comparing professional opinion. This booklet fills that desire. right here, Philip E. Tetlock explores what constitutes logic in predicting destiny occasions, and appears at why specialists are frequently flawed of their forecasts.
Tetlock first discusses arguments approximately no matter if the realm is simply too complicated for individuals to discover the instruments to appreciate political phenomena, not to mention expect the longer term. He evaluates predictions from specialists in numerous fields, evaluating them to predictions by means of well-informed laity or these in line with basic extrapolation from present developments. He is going directly to learn which forms of pondering are extra profitable in forecasting. Classifying considering kinds utilizing Isaiah Berlin's prototypes of the fox and the hedgehog, Tetlock contends that the fox--the philosopher who understands many little issues, attracts from an eclectic array of traditions, and is healthier capable of improvise in line with altering events--is extra profitable in predicting the long run than the hedgehog, who is aware one titanic factor, toils devotedly inside one culture, and imposes formulaic ideas on ill-defined difficulties. He notes a perversely inverse dating among the simplest medical symptoms of fine judgement and the traits that the media so much prizes in pundits--the single-minded choice required to succeed in ideological strive against.
sincerely written and impeccably researched, the booklet fills an incredible void within the literature on comparing professional opinion. it's going to charm throughout many educational disciplines in addition to to firms looking to increase criteria for judging professional decision-making.
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Extra resources for Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know?
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17 John Swets, Signal Detection Theory and ROC Analysis in Psychology and Diagnostics (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1996). 12 • Chapter 1 a. Conservatives in the 1980s justified their suspicions of Gorbachev by insisting that underestimating Soviet strength was the more serious error, tempting us to relax our guard and tempting them to test our resolve. By contrast, liberals worried that overestimating the Soviets would lead to our wasting vast sums on superfluous defense programs and to our reinforcing the Soviets’ worst-case suspicions about us.
Shifting from forward-in-time reasoning to backward-in-time reasoning, we relied on turnabout thought experiments to assess the willingness of analysts to change their opinions on historical counterfactuals. The core idea is, again, simple. Good judges should resist the temptation to engage in self-serving reasoning when policy stakes are high and reality constraints are weak. And temptation is ubiquitous. 32 We have warrant to praise a policy as great when we can think only of ways things could have worked out far worse, and warrant to call a policy disastrous when we can think only of ways things could have worked out far better.
Ontological skeptics This camp is populated by an odd assortment of path-dependency theorists, complexity theorists, game theorists, and probability theorists. Path dependency. 8 Players confront an urn with G. Soros, Open Society: Reforming Global Capitalism (New York: Public Affairs, 2000). Gilbert, Churchill. 8 B. Arthur, Increasing Returns and Path-Dependence in the Economy (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994); P. Pierson, “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics,” American Political Science Review 94 (2000): 251–67.
Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know? by Philip E. Tetlock
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