By Robert Allen Meyers (Editor)
ISBN-10: 0122274105
ISBN-13: 9780122274107
9 years has handed because the 1992 moment variation of the encyclopedia used to be released. This thoroughly revised 3rd variation, that's a college point compendium of chemistry, molecular biology, arithmetic, and engineering, is refreshed with a number of articles approximately present examine in those fields. for instance, the recent version has an elevated emphasis on details processing and biotechnology, reflecting the swift development of those parts. the ongoing Editor-in-Chief, Robert Meyers, and the Board ready a brand new topical define of actual technological know-how and know-how to outline entire insurance. part editors are both Nobel Laureates or editors of key journals of their fields. extra Board contributors representing the worldwide clinical neighborhood have been additionally recruited.
The new 18-volume variation of the Encyclopedia of actual technology and expertise, 3E, can have the further characteristic of an Index quantity, containing abstracts of the entire articles within the encyclopedia.
The most up-to-date variation of the Encyclopedia of actual technological know-how and Technology:
Has been thoroughly up-to-date without under ninety% revised fabric and 50% new content material during the volumes
Presents eighteen volumes, approximately 800 authoritative articles and 14,500 pages
Is lavishly illustrated with over 7,000 pictures, illustrations and tables
Presents an elevated emphasis at the most popular issues comparable to details processing, environmental technological know-how, biotechnology and biomedicine
Includes a last Index quantity containing Thematic, Relational and topic indexes
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Additional info for Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology - Analytical Chemistry
Sample text
Light in the ultraviolet or visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum can be passed through an optical fiber to a remote reaction vessel. Detection may depend on observation of light passing through the reaction zone, or being transmitted toward a detector by another fiber, or by the evanescent wave phenomenon encountered in techniques such as attenuated total reflection or total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy. In contrast to electrochemical devices, these systems offer advantages such as insensitivity to electrical interference, elimination of reference electrodes, possibility for change of reagent phase, distributed multisensor operation with the use of one optical detector (spectrophotometer), multiwavelength analysis, time-resolved analysis, and a complementary range of analytes that may not be electrochemically active.
This results in the establishment of the number of significant factors and assists in the correlation of data and the application of physical significance to the factors. Pattern recognition. This procedure allows the classification of a species to be made on the basis of a series of measurements that establish a pattern. Procedurally, a matrix describing the patterns of a number of species is constructed. Then a decision vector is designed by the use of standards to divide the patterns into discrete classifications, resulting in a mathematical form, p = V1 d1 + V2 d2 + · · · + Vn dn , where p represents a set of patterns, V represents components of the decision vector, and d represents the data P1: GJB Revised Pages Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology En001f25 May 7, 2001 13:58 577 Analytical Chemistry for the species of interest.
66 eV). In terms of chemical applications, UPS has been employed for “fingerprint” identification in analytical chemistry, in molecular conformation studies, for examination of the orbital structure of transient species, and in correlation experiments with theoretical calculations of orbital energies. FIGURE 24 Typical vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron (a), widescan X-ray photoelectron (b), and narrow-scan X-ray photoelectron (c) spectra. 2. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy or Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis The development of this technique resulted in the award of the Nobel Prize in physics to Kai Siegbahn of Sweden.
Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology - Analytical Chemistry by Robert Allen Meyers (Editor)
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