By José Bertin (auth.), Pierre Dèbes, Michel Emsalem, Matthieu Romagny, A. Muhammed Uludağ (eds.)
ISBN-10: 3034804865
ISBN-13: 9783034804868
ISBN-10: 3034804873
ISBN-13: 9783034804875
This Lecture Notes quantity is the fruit of 2 research-level summer season colleges together prepared via the GTEM node at Lille college and the workforce of Galatasaray collage (Istanbul): "Geometry and mathematics of Moduli areas of Coverings (2008)" and "Geometry and mathematics round Galois concept (2009)". the amount specializes in geometric equipment in Galois conception. the alternative of the editors is to supply an entire and finished account of recent issues of view on Galois conception and similar moduli difficulties, utilizing stacks, gerbes and groupoids. It comprises lecture notes on étale basic crew and basic staff scheme, and moduli stacks of curves and covers. examine articles entire the collection.
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The next important topic we want to review briefly is descent theory ([57], Expos´e VIII). This technology plays a key role in the theory of stacks as a substitute of the usual gluing process along an open covering. The key words are descent datum, cocycle condition, and effectiveness. 22). Let ???? be a topological space and let ???? = (???????? ) be an open cover of ????, or a collection of open embeddings (???????? → ???? )???? . Suppose that we are given for each ???? a sheaf ℱ???? on ???????? , and for each ????, ???? an isomorphism ∼ ???????????? : ℱ???? ∣???????? ∩???????? −→ ℱ???? ∣???????? ∩???????? such that for each ???? we have ???????????? = ????????, and for each (????, ????, ????) we have ???????????? = ???????????? ∘ ???????????? on ???????? ∩ ???????? ∩ ???????? (this is called the cocycle condition).
The functor ℎ???? is a Zariski sheaf, thus we can easily reduce the checking to the case where ???? is affine. Assuming this, since ???? is quasi-compact, ???? ′ is covered by finitely many affine open sets, let ???? ′ = ∪????????=1 ????????′ , ????????′ = Spec(????′???? ) ˜ = be such a covering. This Zariski covering yields a faithfully flat morphism ???? 13 This means that the inverse image of a quasi-compact subset is quasi-compact. 47). We have the following commutative diagram ???? ′ ×y???? ???? ′ ????1 ????2 ???? ˜ ˜ ×???? ???? ???? GG ????y ′ ???? ????1 ????2 GG ˜ ???? ????˜′ ×y ???? ???? G???? ????˜ G???? ????′ ????˜ the arrows being the obvious ones.
41) ???????? G???? ???????? × ???? ???? The hypothesis shows that ???????? = ???????? ×???? ???? → ???? is an open immersion, furthermore (???????? )???? is an open cover of ????. 42) factors through ????. This amounts to seeing the equality on each intersection ????????,???? = ???????? ∣???????? ∩???????? = ???????? ???????? ∩???????? = ????????,???? . 43) This is a simple consequence of the functoriality of the gluing morphism ????, leading to the commutative diagram (setting ????????,???? = ????????,???? = ???????? ∩ ???????? ): ????????,???? y ????????,???? ????????,???? ????????,???? G ????????,???? y ????????,???? ????????,???? .
Arithmetic and Geometry Around Galois Theory by José Bertin (auth.), Pierre Dèbes, Michel Emsalem, Matthieu Romagny, A. Muhammed Uludağ (eds.)
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